Data Structures Cheat Sheet



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To see a video of where I explain how these data structures work, please watch this youtube video.

The C++ Data Structure Cheat Sheet!

I, like many other software developers, switch programming languages depending on project needs or if I'm learning something new. When coming back to a language that you haven't used in a while, often a refresher is needed to make sure syntax is correct. This is especially true for the correct usage of data structures.
C++ happens to be my preferred programming language for algorithm contests, and so I've created this page to hold example code for each important data structure for C++. It'll be a great reference for anyone that uses the language to see all of the data structures in action.
Without further ado, let's get into example code for each data structure. You can download this code yourself on github, found here.)

Arrays

Output:
C++ Array Code
Unsorted array:
Index 0 holds the number 10.
Index 1 holds the number 9.
Index 2 holds the number 8.
Index 3 holds the number 7.
Index 4 holds the number 6.
Index 5 holds the number 5.
Index 6 holds the number 4.
Index 7 holds the number 3.
Index 8 holds the number 2.
Index 9 holds the number 1.
Sorted array:
Index 0 holds the number 1.
Index 1 holds the number 2.
Index 2 holds the number 3.
Index 3 holds the number 4.
Index 4 holds the number 5.
Index 5 holds the number 6.
Index 6 holds the number 7.
Index 7 holds the number 8.
Index 8 holds the number 9.
Index 9 holds the number 10.

Vectors


​Output:
​C++ Vector Code,
Unsorted vector:
4 3 2 1
Sorted vector:
1 2 3 4
Vector of vectors:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Stacks

Output:
C++ Stack Code
Printed stack:
3 1 2 4
Printed Food stack:
Food number 1 has 4 of French Fries and it tastes good!
Food number 2 has 3 of Chocolate and it tastes good!
Food number 3 has 5 of Eclair and it tastes good!
Food number 4 has 2 of Banana and it tastes good!
Food number 5 has 1 of Apple and it tastes bad!

Queues

Output:
​​C++ Queue Code
Printed queue:
4 2 1 3
Printed Food queue:
Food number 1 has 1 of Apple and it tastes bad!
Food number 2 has 2 of Banana and it tastes good!
Food number 3 has 5 of Eclair and it tastes good!
Food number 4 has 3 of Chocolate and it tastes good!
Food number 5 has 4 of French Fries and it tastes good!

Priority Queues

Output:
C++ Priority Queue Code
Printed priority queue:
6 5 4 3 2 2 1
Printed Food priority queue:
Food number 1 has 1 of Apple and it tastes bad!
Food number 2 has 2 of Banana and it tastes good!
Food number 3 has 3 of Chocolate and it tastes good!
Food number 4 has 4 of French Fries and it tastes good!
Food number 5 has 5 of Eclair and it tastes good!​

Sets

Output:
C++ Set Code
Printing the numbers in the set:
1 2 3 4
2 is no longer in the set.
Printing the Food in the food set:
Food number 1 has 1 of Apple and it tastes bad!
Food number 2 has 2 of Banana and it tastes good!
Food number 3 has 3 of Banana and it tastes good!
Food number 4 has 4 of Donut and it tastes good!

Unordered Sets

I'm pretty sure that the operations are exactly the same as set; only the initialization name and library name are different. (Anywhere the word 'set' is, replace with 'unordered_set'.)
The difference is the underlying data structure used. Sets use red-black BSTs, which means it's in order, but unordered_sets use hash maps as their underlying data structure, which means order isn't preserved.

Unordered Maps

​Output:
​​C++ Unordered Map Code
Printing map using iterators:
Donut: 295
Chocolate: 1000
Banana: 100
Apple: 1
Did not find Taylor Swift in our map.
0
We have 100 Nachos and it tastes good.
We have 3 Mango and it tastes good.
We have 20 Lemons and it tastes bad.

Lists (Linked Lists)

We've made a Linked List tutorial for anyone new to the data structure itself, but the code we'll write here is for the List data structure from C++'s standard library. It's the same as a regular linked list, but with STL features.
Output:
Program began.
srcmake is really very awesome.
​Program ended.
Please watch the following video to see me explain how these data structures work:
Like this content and want more? Feel free to look around and find another blog post that interests you. You can also contact me through one of the various social media channels.
Twitter: @srcmake
Discord: srcmake#3644
Youtube: srcmake
Twitch: www.twitch.tv/srcmake
​Github: srcmake

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Introduction

CheatData Structures Cheat SheetSheet

Data structures provide a way to organize the data for your program in a way that is efficient and easy to use. For example, in an air combat game, there would likely be a data structure keeping track of the thirty missiles your plane has fired, the six other planes in your squadron, and the fifty alien ships that you are trying to shoot down. There are many different data structures that might be used to keep track of these objects, each of which is suited to organizing the data differently. This article is the first in a series that is intended to be a guide to using data structures in games, and should help you decide which data structure is best suited for a task. The articles are designed to be at an introductory level. However, the series also contains examples of applications of data structures to games, so programmers who are strong in other areas, but with little game experience, may benefit as well.

Data Structures Cheat Sheet Java

At the most basic level, data structures allow you to perform three basic operations: adding data, accessing data, and modifying data. By analyzing the most frequent ways that your data is used, you can decide which data structure is appropriate. Each data structure is designed to be good at one kind of usage pattern, often at the expense of another. For example, a data structure might excel at accessing data in order, using a simple for loop. The same data structure might be much slower when asked to access a random element, however. Some data structures are geared towards easily adding new data, while others are fixed size. One of the arts in software development is learning to match data structures to how their data will be used. Poor data structure choice is often a significant factor in game performance problems.

Data Structures Cheat Sheet Python

The decision of which data structure to use, then, boils down to an analysis of how the data is likely to be used. To use the previous example of an air combat game, how often will you need to add new missiles? Will they be added every frame, or is the number of missiles a constant? How will you examine the data that makes up a missile? Will you always access missiles one after another, or will you need access to any missile at any time? Once you have a sense of how your data is likely to be used, you can decide which data structure is appropriate.

Data Structures Cheat Sheet For Interview

One quick disclaimer: any time this article discusses the internal workings of .NET Framework or XNA Framework classes, remember that private implementation details are always subject to change from version to version.